Cognitive predictors and decision-making in the experience of coronary syndrome symptoms.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the predictive value of Cognitive Assessment, Symptom Severity, Personal Control and Self-Efficacy on decision making in the experience of Acute Coronary Syndrome symptoms. METHOD: Quantitative study of cross-sectional analytical design, a probabilistic sampling was carried out for 256 participants diagnosed with coronary syndrome in three health institutions. The effects between the independent variables Cognitive Assessment, Symptom Severity, Personal Control, Self-Efficacy and the dependent Decision-Making were analyzed. Using inferential statistics, a Generalized Linear Regression Model was carried out, which allowed establishing the causal relationships between the variables. RESULTS: Two predictive models were obtained between decision making and cognitive evaluation, in which personal control, severity of symptoms, sex and context were significant. Self-efficacy was not reported as a predictor variable. The values ​​of the independent variables showed a behavior directly proportional to the Decision Making score. CONCLUSION: A verification of the conceptual model for the management of symptoms was carried out.

Social and personal control, legitimacy of authorities, and social cohesion as protective factors of anti-sociality in adolescents / Control social y personal, legitimidad de las autoridades y cohesión social como factores protectores de la conducta antisocial en adolescentes

Abstract Law can shape individual and social behavior in different ways including through perceived control and legitimacy of authorities. The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether legitimacy of authorities, social and personal control, and social cohesion influence antisocial behaviors in juvenile offenders. The study, included a sample of two hundred juvenile offenders in Mexico, used structural equation modeling to test the relationship between the perception of just treatment by police and judges (i.e., legitimacy) and social and personal control and outcomes of antisocial behaviors and tendencies (self-report and probability of antisocial behavior as well as reports of peer antisocial behavior). Results indicate legitimacy of authorities and personal control had a negative effect while social control showed a positive effect on these behaviors. Social cohesion had a positive effect on social control. Our results suggest that legitimacy of authorities and personal control act as protective factors against antisocial behaviors whereas, contrary to the expected results, social control may be a risk factor. This research highlights the importance of preventative protective efforts in juvenile offenders such as just treatment and development of personal control rather than the use of punitive processes. In this sense, it is important to consider alternatives for judicial involvement and punishment such as community programs as well as cognitive and emotional prevention and intervention efforts to reduce antisocial behaviors. Programs such as the Reasoning and Rehabilitation Program, other cognitive skill interventions as well as developmental prevention programs have shown efficacy.

Resumen La ley puede modelar la conducta de diferentes maneras, consecuentemente, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los efectos de la legitimidad, el control social y personal, y la cohesión social en la conducta antisocial de jóvenes infractores. Doscientos menores infractores en México contestaron un cuestionario realizado para este estudio. Los datos fueron analizados a través de ecuaciones estructurales. Cuatro factores fueron especificados: Legitimidad de las autoridades, relacionada con la percepción de tratamiento justo por parte de policías y jueces. Disuasión y norma social conformaron la variable de control social. Orientación al futuro, normas personales y autodeterminación integraron la variable de control personal. La variable conducta antisocial resultó del autoreporte respecto a la conducta antisocial y la probabilidad de conducta antisocial, y del reporte de la conducta antisocial de los amigos. Los resultados indicaron un efecto negativo de la legitimidad y el control personal y uno positivo del control social en la conducta antisocial. La cohesión social tuvo un efecto positivo en el control social. Contrario a lo esperado el control social tuvo un efecto positivo en la conducta antisocial. Por lo tanto, se deben considerar alternativas al "tratamiento" en internamiento (cárcel), ya que la disuasión y el castigo no producen los efectos esperados de retraer a los adolescentes de que cometan delitos. La alternativa pudiera ser los programas de tratamiento comunitarios, así como programas de prevención e intervención que contemplen aspectos emocionales y cognitivos.

Factors that affect the duration of wearing disposable personal protective equipment by healthcare professionals in Wuhan during treatment of COVID-19 patients: An epidemiological study.

The purpose of this study of healthcare workers who cared for COVID-19 patients was to identify factors that affected the duration of wearing personal protective equipment (PPE). The results of this study will provide initial guidance to practicing clinicians and a foundation for further research on this topic. This cross-sectional study examined 139 frontline healthcare professionals who worked at a single hospital in Wuhan, China, from March 16 to April 1, 2020. General and demographic data, physical and mental status, use of personal protective equipment, type of hospital work, and duration of wearing personal protective equipment were recorded. The mean duration of wearing personal protective equipment was 194.17 min (standard deviation: 3.71). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the duration of wearing personal protective equipment was significantly associated with the presence of a chronic disease, working hours when feeling discomfort, lack of patient cooperation and subsequent psychological pressure, prolonged continuous wearing of personal protective equipment, feeling anxious about physical strength, and the presence of fatigue when wearing personal protective equipment. These factors should be considered by practicing healthcare professionals and in future studies that examine the optimal duration of wearing personal protective equipment.

Predictores cognitivos de la toma de decisiones en la experiencia de los síntomas de Síndrome Coronario Agudo / Cognitive predictors of decision making in the experience of symptoms of Acute Coronary Syndrome

Objetivo: Determinar el valor predictivo de la Evaluación cognitiva, la Severidad de los síntomas, el Control personal y la Autoeficacia sobre la toma de decisiones en la experiencia de los síntomas de Síndrome Coronario Agudo. Diseño: La presente investigación es de tipo correlacional predictivo de corte transversal, cuyo propósito fue conocer los efectos entre las variables independientes Evaluación Cognitiva, Severidad de los síntomas, Control personal, Auto eficiencia y dependiente Toma de decisiones, a partir de las proposiciones teóricas del Modelo Conceptual del Manejo de los síntomas, mediante la obtención de datos en la experiencia de los síntomas de Síndrome Coronario Agudo en tres instituciones de la ciudad de Bogotá. Análisis: Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de la población estudiada empleando herramientas y técnicas de la estadística descriptiva. Para el análisis bivariado se definieron las variables dependientes e independientes. Las pruebas de hipótesis que se utilizaron fueron determinadas por la naturaleza y el nivel de medición de la variable dependiente, la distribución normal o no y el número de categorías que tomaron. Por lo tanto, para las variables dependientes cuantitativas las pruebas utilizadas fueron la U de Mann Whitney o la prueba de Kruskal Wallis (ANOVA), dependiendo si siguieron una distribución normal. Posteriormente con el fin de abordar las hipótesis de esta investigación en las cuales se predice la Evaluación cognitiva, la Severidad de los síntomas, el Control Personal y la Autoeficacia sobre la toma de decisiones, se realizó un Modelo Lineal Generalizado, considerando que este modelo permite unificar tanto los modelos como las variables de respuesta numérica y categórica, lo cual lleva a considerar datos dicotómicos, ordinales, categóricos o de elecciones discretas, es decir, de modelos de probabilidad de un evento. Por último se desarrolló un Modelo de ecuaciones estructurales para realizar una comprobación del modelo conceptual, que permitió establecer las relaciones causales, es decir, se examinó el efecto de una variable explicativa sobre la explicada, y en qué medida la variación observada fue debida a los cambios producidos en las variables explicativas. Resultados: Se logró la validación de los instrumentos RSQ, CISS-21, CSE, CAS-R en versión español, al instrumento IES se le realizó un aporte a la medición por medio del análisis factorial confirmatorio. Se plantearon tres modelos predictivos por medio del software R y se realizó una comprobación del modelo conceptual para el manejo de los síntomas por medio del planteamiento de ecuaciones estructurales con el software IMOS. Finalmente se plantearon dos rutas de atención en salud, desde la prevención cardiovascular y una ruta de la experiencia del síntoma específica de mujeres con síndrome coronario agudo a partir de lo reportado en los modelos predictivos.

Objective: To determine the predictive value of the Cognitive Assessment, the Severity of the symptoms, the Personal Control and the Self-efficacy on the decision making in the experience of the symptoms of Acute Coronary Syndrome. Design: The present investigation was of a cross-sectional predictive correlation type, whose purpose was to know the effects between independent variables (Cognitive Evaluation, Severity of the symptoms, Personal control, Self efficiency) and dependent (Decision making), from the Theoretical propositions of the Conceptual Model of the Management of the symptoms, by obtaining data in the experience of the symptoms of Acute Coronary Syndrome in men and women in three institutions of the city of Bogotá. Analysis: A descriptive analysis of the studied population was carried out, for which tools and techniques of descriptive statistics will be used. For the bivariate analysis, the dependent and independent variables were defined. The hypothesis tests that were used were determined by the nature and level of measurement of the dependent variable, the normal distribution or not and the number of categories that they took. Therefore, for the quantitative dependent variables, the tests used were the Mann Whitney U test or the Kruskal Wallis test (ANOVA), depending on whether they followed a normal distribution. Subsequently, in order to address the hypotheses of this research in which Cognitive Assessment, Severity of symptoms, Personal Control and Self-efficacy on decision making are predicted, a Generalized Linear Model was carried out, considering that this model allows unify both the models and the numerical and categorical response variables, which leads to consider dichotomous, ordinal, categorical or discrete election data, that is, probability models of an event. Finally, a Model of structural equations was developed to make a verification of the conceptual model, which allowed to establish the causal relationships, that is, I examined the effect of an explanatory variable on the explained one, and to what extent the observed variation of this one is due to the changes produced in that one. Results: Validation of the RSQ, CISS-21, CSE, CAS-R instruments was achieved and the IES instrument made a contribution to the measurement by means of factor analysis and reliability. Three predictive models were proposed by means of software R and a verification of the conceptual model for symptom management was carried out by means of the structural equations approach with the IMOS software. Finally two health care routes were proposed, from the cardiovascular prevention and a route of the experience of the symptom of women with acute coronary syndrome.

Insatisfacción con la imagen corporal y control personal de la conducta en obesos que asisten a tratamiento / BODY IMAGE DISSATIFACTION AND PERSONAL BEHAVIORAL CONTROL IN OBESE PATIENTS WHO ARE ATTENDING TO TREATMENT

El objetivo fue determinar la capacidad predictiva de la autoeficacia percibida para el control del peso, el locus de control del peso y las habilidades de autocontrol del peso en la insatisfacción de la imagen corporal en personas obesas que asisten a tratamiento. Estudio transversal realizado en la ciudad de Maracay, Venezuela, con 243 personas obesas que asisten a tratamiento, 173 del género femenino y 70 del masculino, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 57 años. El índice de masa corporal de la muestra osciló entre 29.39 y 44.14. Se utilizaron los siguientes instrumentos: The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), el inventario de autorregulación del peso corporal, el inventario de autoeficacia en la regulación del peso corporal y el inventario de locus de control del peso. Calculándose los estadísticos descriptivos y de tendencia central, coeficientes de correlación y regresión múltiple; se obtuvo que una baja “Autoeficacia percibida en el control del peso” y un alto “Locus de control externo”, predicen la in satisfacción con la imagen corporal en personas obesas que asisten a tratamiento. Los hallazgos constituyen una primera aproximación para dar cuenta de la importancia de las variables de control personal en el estudio del malestar psicológico del individuo obeso.

Objective: Determine the predictive ability of self-efficacy for weight control, locus of control of weight and weight self-management skills in body image dissatisfaction in treatment attending. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study in Maracay, Venezuela. The study population consisted of 243 obese patients; 173 females and 70 males, aged between 18 and 57 years. The body mass index of the sample ranged between 29.39 and 44.14. Measurement instruments used were: The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), The Inventory of self-regulating body weight, The Inventory of Self-efficacy in regulating body weight and Inventory of weight locus of control. Data analysis consisted of descriptive statistics and central tendency, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression. Results: A low "perceived self-efficacy in weight control" and a high "external locus of control, predict body image dissatisfaction in obese people attending treatment. Conclusions: The results are the first attempt to understand the role of the personal control variables in the study of psychological distress in obesity.